新湖畔网 （随信APP) | 今年三位经济学家获得诺贝尔经济学奖，解释了各国经济差异。
新东天网 （随信APP) | 今年三位经济学家获得诺贝尔经济学奖，解释了各国经济差异。
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北京时间10月14日下午5点45分，瑞典皇家科学院宣布了2024诺贝尔经济学奖得主：达龙·阿西莫格鲁、西蒙·约翰逊和詹姆斯·A.罗宾逊。他们因为研究“制度如何形成并影响经济繁荣”而获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。
之前，“日本原水爆被害者团体协议会”获得了诺贝尔和平奖，所以经济学奖成为今年诺贝尔奖的最后一个奖项。
达龙·阿西莫格鲁生于1967年9月3日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔，目前是麻省理工学院教授。与生于1963年1月16日的英裔美国经济学家西蒙·约翰逊共同获奖。詹姆斯·A.罗宾逊也是这次获奖者之一，他目前是芝加哥大学教授。
三位经济学家在2001年共同撰写的《比较发展的殖民起源》至今被引用超过18000次，成为制度经济学的高峰之一。他们的研究影响涵盖了经济、政治、社会、法律、历史等多个领域。
诺贝尔委员会指出，“缩小国与国之间巨大的收入差距是我们这个时代最大的挑战之一”，这种差距是由于制度和政策差异导致的。
中国近40年来的蓬勃发展是一个典型案例，改革开放带来的经济制度变革推动了社会的发展。经济学的理论提供了各种解释，但要预测未来仍有难度。
经济学的多元理论共同构成了观察世界的窗口，成为我们理解很多事情的思想工具。在关注诺贝尔经济学奖时，我们值得去关注和理解这些内容。
英文版:
On October 14th at 5:45 PM Beijing time, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the recipients of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson. They were awarded for their research on "how institutions are formed and how they affect economic prosperity," which was recognized by the Nobel Prize committee.
Following the "Japan Confederation of A-bomb Sufferers Associations" receiving this year's Nobel Peace Prize, the Economics Prize is the final Nobel Prize to be awarded this year.
Daron Acemoglu, born on September 3, 1967 in Istanbul, Turkey, and Simon Johnson, born on January 16, 1963 in the UK and now a U.S. citizen, are both professors at MIT. Johnson has also served as the Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund. James A. Robinson, also from the UK, is currently a professor at the University of Chicago.
While previous winners of other awards this year have been somewhat controversial, the trio of economists winning this time is possibly the most convincing. Their research spans across economics, politics, society, law, history, among other fields, and their impact has surpassed traditional economic boundaries. They have been popular choices for the Nobel Prize in Economics for several years in a row.
In the industry, their 2001 work "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development" has been cited over 18,000 times, establishing a peak in institutional economics. Their book "Why Nations Fail" authored by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson answers a perennial question in human society - why are some countries poor while others are wealthy? This book was first published in 2012 and is a concise summary of their Nobel-winning research.
The Nobel Committee mentioned that "reducing the massive income gap between countries is one of the biggest challenges of our time," offering statistics that the wealthiest 20% of countries globally are about 30 times wealthier than the poorest 20% of countries. The trio of economists has proposed that these disparities arise from differences in institutions and policies based on extensive research.
This provides a new explanatory framework for economic disparities between nations. Various theories have been proposed over the years, such as Jared Diamond's geographical determinism outlined in "Guns, Germs, and Steel," and Max Weber's theory of widespread overcoming of moral inhibitions to accumulate wealth in "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism." Each of these, including the winning "Institution Theory" proposed by the three Nobel laureates, explains the issue from a particular angle. As of now, the scope explained by this theory seems wider.
One of the most representative cases is China's remarkable development over the past 40 years, a phenomenon that many economic theories struggle to explain due to no significant change in geography or culture. This success is largely attributed to economic reforms brought about by changing institutional structures, which have subsequently reinforced improvements in private property rights, the rule of law, and social governance, creating a positive cycle.
From another perspective, many economic theories are considered to be "hindsight biases," attempting to find a rationale for events that have already occurred and may not effectively predict the future. As seen in governance worldwide, no single theory is universally effective in ensuring long-term stability - if one was, everyone would implement it.
However, this is the intriguing aspect of economics; it allows multiple theories to coexist, develop simultaneously, and engage in discourse and exploration. Together, they form a window through which we observe the world, serving as intellectual tools to understand many phenomena. This is what we should truly pay attention to and comprehend when focusing on or utilizing economics, both as we track the Nobel Prize in Economics and in our daily lives.
Read More: A Look Back at the 2024 Nobel Prize Series
Physiology or Medicine Prize
Physics Prize
Chemistry Prize
Literature Prize
Image Credits: Nobel Official, MIT, University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy
今年诺贝尔经济学奖授予的三位经济学家，他们对各国经济差异给出了解释
#今年诺贝尔经济学奖授予的三位经济学家他们对各国经济差异给出了解释
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