新湖畔网 （随信APP) | 加沙有多少援助物资进来了？

被迫流离失所的巴勒斯坦人在加沙北部排队领取食品配给，以色列正在进行猛烈的攻击 - 版权AFP YAMIL LAGE

Chloe Rouveyrolles-Bazire

以色列已宣布采取措施增加对加沙的援助，但联合国数据显示，供应战地领土的物资数量大幅下降，人道主义工作者们怀疑真正需要这些物资的人是否获得了救助。

人道工作者和专家告诉法新社，仍然存在许多障碍，无法将急需的物资送到遭受围困的加沙北部的巴勒斯坦人手中，自十月初以来以色列进行的激烈军事行动已造成数百人死亡。

不仅在实际物资允许进入的问题上存在争议，而且机构经常无法到达处于持续轰炸之下的人群，这意味着物资并不总是到达最需要的地方。

– 援助如何进入加沙？ –

大多数携带人道主义物资的卡车通过以色列与南部加沙地带边界上的凯勒姆沙隆过境口进入。

为了安全原因，这些货物会被以色列军方检查，人道组织称这一程序是物资传递缓慢的主因。

以色列在去年战争初期对哈马斯统治的领土实施了封锁，经常指责救济组织无法处理和分发大量物资。

一旦物资进入加沙，交付需要与COGAT协调，COGAT是负责监管巴勒斯坦领土民事事务的以色列国防部机构。

许多援助机构经常报告与COGAT之间的沟通和协调困难。

物资分发进一步受到卡车燃料短缺、受战争破坏的道路和抢劫的影响，以及在人口密集地区的战斗和加沙240万居民的不断流离失所。

几位人道主义官员匿名告诉法新社，进入加沙的援助物资中几乎有一半被抢劫，尤其是基本物资。

根据联合国的数据，到目前为止，十月份已有396辆卡车进入加沙，大大低于前几个月。

根据联合国的数据，九月份有3003辆卡车通过，八月份有3096辆，七月份有4681辆，这些数据经常受到以色列COGAT的质疑。

一些外国国家选择空投援助物资。COGAT称上周六有81包援助物资被降落到这块狭长的沿海领土上。

但是这种努力以及短暂存在的海上援助走廊无法满足加沙人在一年多战争后不断增长的需求。

– 以色列表示了什么？ –

军方和COGAT周二发布的一份联合声明称，以色列“仍致力于促进人道主义援助”。

此时，以色列最大的军火供应商美国警告称，如果以色列不迅速改善对加沙的人道援助，可能会暂停部分军事援助。

以色列的声明强调了加沙医院之间的病人转移，并向全领土供应了68,650升燃料 - 许多医疗设施在战争期间已经停止运作。

军方还宣布，30辆世界粮食计划组织的卡车最近能够直接将面粉送到加沙北部，而不是通过南部的凯勒姆沙隆过境。

监督进入加沙的以色列权益组织Gisha的负责人塔尼亚·哈瑞表示，世界各国已经审查了以色列，特别是向北部允许更多的援助。

她告诉法新社，只有停火才能让人道主义行动达到所需规模。

“但在那之前，以色列当局的真正行动和合作可以确保援助的安全和自由流动，”哈瑞说，但她警告说，在整个战争中，她并未看到以色列当局有“真正意愿”。

– 对地面造成了什么影响？ –

联合国巴勒斯坦难民署发言人茱莉叶·图玛表示，“没有重大改变”。

“进来的物资非常少，根本不足以满足需求，”图玛告诉法新社。

北部加利亚地区的一名流离失所居民，最近战斗的焦点，表示该地区“正在被抹杀”。

42岁的乌姆·菲拉斯·沙米雅说：“如果我们不被轰炸和枪击致死，我们将饿死，”她要求援助物资送往北部。

国际红十字会发言人莎拉·戴维斯表示，即使援助物资增加，战斗仍然使得“难以有效地将物资分发给所有需要的人”。

一名在地面有大量存在的救援工作者表示，一些关键物品被以色列禁止进入。

“我们在带氧浓缩器、发电机和重建设备方面遇到很大困难，因为以色列当局认为它们具有军事和医疗用途，”他说。

这位援助工作者补充说，“甚至有一些诊所已经用光了扑热息痛，这是一种常见的止痛药。”

“十月份是灾难性的。”

Displaced Palestinians queue to receive food rations in northern Gaza, where a blistering Israeli assault is underway - Copyright AFP YAMIL LAGE

Chloe Rouveyrolles-Bazire

Israel has announced steps to boost aid deliveries to Gaza, but UN figures show a huge drop in supplies getting through to the war-battered territory and humanitarian workers doubt much is reaching those who need it most.

Aid workers and experts told AFP that there were still many obstacles to getting desperately needed supplies to Palestinians in the besieged Gaza Strip’s north, where intense Israeli military operations since early October have left hundreds dead.

Not only are there disputes over the actual volume of aid being allowed in, but agencies are often unable to reach people under constant bombardment, meaning it does not always make it where the dire humanitarian needs are greatest.

– How does aid enter Gaza? –

Most trucks carrying humanitarian supplies enter through the Kerem Shalom crossing on the border between Israel and the southern Gaza Strip.

The shipments are inspected by the Israeli military for security reasons, a process cited by humanitarian groups as the main factor behind the slow delivery of aid.

Israel, which imposed a siege on the Hamas-ruled territory in the early stages of the war last year, often blames the inability of relief organizations to handle and distribute large quantities of aid.

Once the aid enters Gaza, deliveries are subject to coordination with COGAT, an Israeli defense ministry agency that oversees civilian affairs in the Palestinian territories.

Many aid groups regularly report difficulties in communicating and coordinating with COGAT.

The distribution of aid is further complicated by shortages of fuel for trucks, war-damaged roads and looting, as well as fighting in densely populated areas and the repeated displacement of much of Gaza’s 2.4 million people.

Several humanitarian officials told AFP on condition of anonymity that almost half of the aid that enters Gaza is being looted, especially basic supplies.

According to the United Nations, 396 trucks have entered Gaza so far in October, far below previous months.

In September 3,003 trucks got through, following 3,096 in August and 4,681 in July, according to UN figures which Israel’s COGAT regularly disputes.

Some foreign countries have opted for dropping aid from the air. COGAT said 81 packages were parachuted into the narrow coastal territory on Saturday.

But this effort as well as a short-lived maritime aid corridor have not been able to meet the increasing needs of Gazans after more than a year of war.

– What has Israel said? –

A joint statement issued Tuesday by the military and COGAT said Israel “remains committed to facilitating humanitarian aid”.

It came as the United States, Israel’s top arms provider, has warned it may suspend some of its military assistance if Israel does not quickly improve humanitarian access to Gaza.

The Israeli statement highlighted patient transfers between hospitals in Gaza and the delivery of 68,650 liters of fuel to medical facilities across the territory — many of which have been put out of service during the war.

The military has also announced that 30 World Food Programme trucks were recently able to bring flour directly to northern Gaza, not via the southern Kerem Shalom crossing.

Tania Hary, head of Israeli rights group Gisha which monitors access into Gaza, said that “Israel has come under (diplomatic) pressure to allow more aid in, especially to the north”.

She told AFP that only a ceasefire would enable humanitarian operations on the required scale.

“But short of that, genuine action and cooperation by the Israeli authorities could ensure the safe and free movement of aid,” Hary said, but cautioned that she had seen no “genuine will” from the Israeli authorities throughout the war.

– What’s the impact on the ground? –

Juliette Touma, spokeswoman for the UN agency for Palestinian refugees UNRWA, said there has been “no major change”.

“What has come in is very, very little and is by far not enough in the face of the needs,” Touma told AFP.

A displaced resident of the northern Jabalia area, a focus of the recent fighting, said the area “is being wiped out”.

“If we don’t die from the bombing and gunfire, we will die of hunger,” said 42-year-old Umm Firas Shamiyah, demanding aid be sent to the north.

Sarah Davies, spokeswoman for the International Committee of the Red Cross, said that even if aid deliveries are boosted, the fighting makes it “very difficult to effectively distribute things to all those who need it”.

A humanitarian worker whose group has a large presence on the ground said that some crucial items are banned by Israel.

“We’re having great difficulty bringing in oxygen concentrates, generators and reconstruction equipment because the Israeli authorities consider them to be dual-purpose items that have both military and medical uses,” he said.

“Some clinics are even running out of paracetamol,” the common painkiller, the aid worker added.

“October has been catastrophic.”